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The Dzaleka Metadata Standard (DMS) is an open-source metadata specification and toolkit designed to bring consistency, interoperability, and long-term reusability to digital heritage content from Dzaleka Refugee Camp in Malawi. DMS provides a structured schema for heritage items — from oral histories and poems to photographs, maps, and cultural sites — alongside Python-based tools to create, validate, search, and publish that metadata.

Why DMS exists

Dzaleka is one of the largest refugee camps in sub-Saharan Africa and home to a rich and growing body of digital heritage content. Without a shared standard, that content risks becoming siloed, undiscoverable, and incompatible with broader archival systems. DMS addresses this by providing:
  • A consistent schema so every record is described the same way
  • Validation tooling so contributors can check their records before submission
  • Linked data support so records can participate in the wider semantic web
  • Community-first design so both technical systems and non-technical contributors can work with heritage content

Key capabilities

Metadata schema

A machine-readable specification in JSON Schema (Draft 2020-12), YAML, and JSON-LD formats. Defines fields, types, constraints, and allowed values for all heritage records.

Python CLI

The dms command-line tool covers the full record lifecycle: create, validate, search, diff, convert, export, and report.

Web UI (DMS Vault)

A local browser-based interface launched with dms web. Provides a structured form with live validation feedback — no terminal required.

Linked data

The dms.jsonld context maps every DMS field to established vocabularies (Dublin Core, FOAF, BIBO, Schema.org, W3C Geo, SKOS) for semantic web publishing.

Supported heritage types

Every DMS record has a type field that identifies the category of the heritage item. The ten supported types are:
TypeDescription
storyOral histories, personal narratives, and testimonies
photoPhotographs and visual documentation
documentAdministrative records, reports, and written materials
audioMusic recordings, spoken word, and sound archives
videoFilm, documentary, and video recordings
eventCommunity events, ceremonies, and gatherings
mapGeographic and spatial records of the camp and surroundings
artworkMurals, paintings, sculptures, and visual art
siteHeritage sites, landmarks, and points of cultural significance
poemPoetry and literary works

Dublin Core compatibility

All DMS fields map directly to Dublin Core Metadata Terms, ensuring broad interoperability with library systems, archives, and digital humanities platforms. The schema extends Dublin Core with Dzaleka-specific fields — such as camp area names and community-defined access levels — while preserving full compatibility with standard metadata harvesters. The linked data context (dms.jsonld) provides explicit mappings to six vocabularies:
VocabularyPrefixUsed for
Dublin Coredc:, dcterms:Core fields: title, creator, subject, rights
FOAFfoaf:Person and agent descriptions
BIBObibo:Bibliographic roles: editor, translator, interviewer
Schema.orgschema:Creative works, places, events, affiliations
W3C Geogeo:Geographic coordinates
SKOSskos:Subject vocabularies and concept schemes

Where to go next

Quick start

Install DMS and create your first validated heritage record in five minutes.

Installation

Full prerequisites, installation steps, and troubleshooting for all platforms.

Field guide

Detailed definitions, allowed values, and guidelines for every schema field.

CLI reference

Complete reference for all dms commands, flags, and usage examples.